Raw Propolis: Uses, Properties, and Benefits

THE'’importance of bees They are essential to the global ecosystem because, in addition to being pollinating insects, they provide humans with valuable products. One of these is raw propolis, a versatile substance highly valued and used in everyday life as a natural remedy for various ailments, along with garlic, echinacea, oregano, and ginger.

Raw propolis: what it is and how to obtain it

Raw, or pure, propolis is a substance that occurs in the form of resin, characterized by a dark color and a strong, sour taste. It is extracted from the trunks and bark of certain types of trees. To obtain this precious substance, the trees must have a strong resinous component, such as that found in fir, alder, birch, horse chestnut, hazelnut, pine, poplar, elm, and oak.

The bees then process the resulting product with the help of their saliva and legs. Its color also depends on the type of tree, ranging from yellow to red, to dark brown or black, with its various shades. Harvesting is only possible on sunny, warm days, especially in summer, because tree resin is more malleable and can be easily removed. This is also the time of year when bees begin to prepare for the cold winter by modifying their hive.

Raw propolis: composition and uses

There raw propolis It is composed of 50% balms and resins, 25% wax, 10% volatile essential oils, 5% pollen, another 5% organic material, and natural flavonoid pigments. Raw propolis, besides being an excellent natural product for humans, is also beneficial for bees, as they use it to seal the hive and prevent any external agents from entering.

When harvested, propolis has a viscous and sticky texture; however, when used to make the hive impenetrable, it hardens quickly, almost instantly, becoming glassy. Furthermore, its odor has a repellent effect, deterring potential predators. Its name derives from this characteristic; the word "propolis" comes from an ancient Greek word meaning "before the city," and therefore its defender. Curiously, it is also used in a very natural way, almost like putty to seal a cell.

When a bee dies, it would be too energy-intensive to transport it out of the hive. The bees therefore warm the propolis with their feet, apply it to the cell, and let it harden. This way, the cells containing the dead animals are hermetically sealed to prevent any bacteria from spreading to neighboring cells.

The medicinal properties of raw propolis

Raw propolis is a natural antibiotic, whose benefits have been known since ancient times. Its components—which we listed above—give it numerous medicinal properties. These include: anesthetic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, healing, detoxifying, immunoregulating, and immunostimulating.

Therefore, its use in the herbal and parapharmaceutical fields is recommended. to combat seasonal ailments (allergies), flu (colds, sore throats), fevers and respiratory problems (such as tracheitis and tonsillitis). But also oral inflammation (toothache, gingivitis), viral herpes infections, and poor digestion. Raw propolis is excellent at addressing the cause of the discomfort, and it does so in a completely natural way, avoiding unpleasant side effects and maintaining the natural balance of intestinal bacterial flora.

This doesn't mean propolis should replace antibiotics, but it can be a healthy and natural addition to doctor-prescribed medications (neomycin, penicillin, polymyxin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, and viomycin). But that's not all.

Raw propolis is also used as a sort of preventative remedy against colds and minor seasonal ailments. This doesn't mean it blocks contact with bacteria or viruses, but it does strengthen the immune system. It's also an excellent product for those who regularly suffer from sore throats and tonsillitis.

Why is propolis so effective? Flavonoids

Have you ever wondered what makes raw propolis so extraordinarily effective? The secret lies in a group of substances with a somewhat technical name but truly exceptional properties: propolis. flavonoids.

Flavonoids are plant-based compounds belonging to the large family of polyphenols. In nature, they are found in flowers, fruits, bark, and especially in tree buds—the very places where our bees collect resins that, after painstaking processing with saliva and enzymes, become propolis. On the buds, flavonoids already perform a fundamental protective function: they defend the plant from parasites and adverse weather conditions. Bees, with their extraordinary biological intelligence, have learned to exploit these same properties to protect the hive. And we can do the same for our bodies.

To date, over 300 different components have been identified in raw propolis, but it is precisely in the flavonoid fraction – which represents approximately 10% of the total composition – that most of the therapeutic power is concentrated. Among the most important and studied are: galangin, the pinocembrina and the chrysin, alongside quercetin, pinobanksin, acacetin, and kemferide. Each of these molecules has specific properties, and together they work synergistically to create a natural cocktail of rare effectiveness.

Galangin, in particular, is considered the benchmark molecule for evaluating the quality of a propolis preparation: a good extract should contain at least 8%. This substance is one of the main contributors to the antibacterial action of raw propolis, capable of counteracting the growth of numerous microorganisms even at low concentrations. Pinocembrin, for its part, complements galangin in its antibacterial action and adds a powerful antifungal activity, particularly effective against Candida infections. Chrysin contributes its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, helping combat the oxidative stress responsible for cellular aging.

But how do these flavonoids actually work? The mechanism is fascinating: these molecules act directly on the membranes of bacterial cells, disrupting their structure and inhibiting protein synthesis. In simpler terms, they prevent bacteria from reproducing and surviving. Furthermore, the flavonoids in raw propolis stimulate the immune system's response, promoting the production of antibodies and activating macrophages—the cells in our body specialized for engulfing and neutralizing pathogens. It is this dual action, directed against microorganisms and strengthening our defenses, that makes propolis such a complete and valuable remedy. fight seasonal ailments and respiratory tract diseases.

There's one important thing to keep in mind: the composition of raw propolis is never identical. It varies based on local vegetation, harvesting season, climate, and even the race of bees that produce it. Propolis collected in broadleaf forests, for example, tends to be richer in galangin, while that from areas with a prevalence of conifers has higher concentrations of pinocembrin. This natural variability is both a strength and a challenge: it means that every propolis is unique, but also that it is important to choose quality products, ideally titrated and standardized for polyphenol content.

A detail that fills us with pride: Italy has been among the leading countries in research on propolis standardization, contributing internationally to the development of analytical methods that guarantee the quality of extracts. One more reason to promote Italian propolis and the work of our experts. beekeepers.

This is why, when we choose raw propolis as an ally of our well-being – whether to prevent a cold, to soothe a sore throat or to strengthen the immune system—we're not simply using a traditional remedy. We're benefiting from a complex system of molecules perfected by nature over millions of years of evolution, then expertly harvested and transformed by bees. If you think about it, it's further proof that protecting bees and biodiversity is an investment in our own health.

For those who want to delve deeper into the world of’apitherapy and discover all the ways in which beehive products can contribute to our well-being, we have prepared a dedicated guide.

Not just for the throat: uses for skin and oral hygiene

Did you know that the raw propolis Is it a true "multitasking" of nature? Although it is famous for providing immediate relief to the respiratory tract, Its incredible properties don't stop there. Thanks to its unique composition of resins, essential oils, and flavonoids,, this substance acts as a universal protector, also perfect for our beauty and daily hygiene.

An ally for perfect skin

Raw propolis is a panacea for those who fight against skin blemishes. Its healing and purifying properties make it excellent for treating the appearance of acne, small erythemas or inflammations of the body. It works by counteracting the cause of the discomfort in a completely natural way, without altering the delicate balance of the skin..

If you love homemade remedies for a glowing complexion, you can incorporate the action of propolis into your beauty routine. For example, after cleansing your skin, you could try making a scrub with honey and sugar. The combination of the exfoliating action of sugar and the nourishing properties of acacia honey It will create a perfect synergy with the protective action of propolis, leaving the face regenerated.

Oral hygiene and healthy smile

Even our smile can benefit from the “protection of the city” (the Greek meaning of pro-polis ). Raw propolis is in fact a formidable remedy for inflammation of the oral cavity, such as gingivitis or annoying toothaches.

• Against plaqueSlowly chewing a small piece of pure propolis helps reduce the bacterial load in the mouth thanks to its antiseptic properties.
• Relief for gumsIts natural anesthetic action provides immediate relief in case of irritated tissues or small canker sores.

But remember not to overdo it: a small daily dose is enough (maximum 3 grams ) to enjoy all these benefits. Just as our grandmothers' traditions teach us., Trusting the simple and genuine remedies of the beehive is the first step towards well-being that starts from within and is reflected externally.

Raw propolis: how to take it?

Now that we know what raw propolis is and why it is so effective, comes the practical question: How is it taken? The good news is that there are several ways to benefit from its properties, each suited to specific needs and situations. Let's explore them together.

Pure raw propolis This is the most direct and traditional form. It is taken from the hive grids where the bees have deposited it and appears as small granules or fragments of a dark amber color. To take it, simply dissolve a small piece in your mouth—without chewing it, because it tends to stick to the teeth—and let it dissolve slowly for about 20-30 minutes. This way, the active ingredients are gradually released and act directly on the oral mucosa, making it particularly useful in cases of sore throat, tonsillitis and gingivitis. The recommended dose is approximately 1 gram at a time, up to a maximum of 3 grams per day, for a one-week course. It's best to take it after main meals.

The mother tincture This is probably the most widespread and versatile form. It is obtained by macerating raw propolis in a hydroalcoholic solution, a process that allows for the extraction and concentration of flavonoids and other active ingredients. Use 20-30 drops diluted in half a glass of warm water, taken 2-3 times a day, preferably between meals. The mother tincture is excellent both as a remedy for the first signs of a cold or flu, and as a disinfectant gargle for throat inflammation: simply dilute 10-15 drops in water and rinse morning and evening. A little trick we love? Add 20-30 drops of mother tincture to a teaspoon of honey with a few drops of lemon: a concentrate of natural well-being, perfect for the cold months.

Propolis spray It's the most practical solution for those who are always on the go. Thanks to the nebulizer, it allows you to apply propolis directly to the inflamed throat with great precision. We recommend 3-4 sprays into the throat, up to 4 times a day, preferably at least an hour before eating or drinking, to allow the active ingredients time to act on the mucosa. It's ideal for rapid relief in cases of pharyngitis, laryngitis and hoarseness.

The dry extract in tablets or capsules It represents the most convenient form for those who prefer regular and precisely dosed intake, for example as a preventative measure during seasonal changes. The tablets contain purified raw propolis in the form of a concentrated powder and are particularly suitable for strengthening the immune system over longer periods or for digestive and urinary tract problems. Typically, one to two tablets are taken two to three times a day, following the manufacturer's instructions. An important tip: when purchasing propolis tablets, make sure they contain an extract titrated to at least 20% and are free of artificial preservatives.

Propolis syrup It is a great alternative, often enriched with honey, echinacea, or balsamic extracts like thyme. It acts as a natural antibiotic and is particularly appreciated for promoting the elimination of mucus from the airways in cases of coughs and bronchitis. The usual dosage is 1-2 tablespoons per day, pure or diluted in a little water.

Propolis honey It combines the antibacterial properties of raw propolis with the soothing and nourishing properties of honey, creating a gentle and easily digestible remedy, perfect even for children. It's available ready-made, or you can prepare it by adding mother tincture to good Italian honey. The recommended dose is 2-3 teaspoons per day.

For external use, propolis-based creams, ointments, and salves are recommended for treating minor wounds, abrasions, cold sores, and skin problems such as acne and irritation. Raw propolis, thanks to its healing and antibacterial properties, naturally accelerates tissue regeneration, similar to how bees use it to seal and protect their "city" in the hive.

Finally, for those suffering from respiratory problems such as sinusitis and rhinitis, there is also the possibility of using propolis via aerosol, diluting about 30 drops of mother tincture in distilled water, to be nebulized 2-3 times a day.

Precautions and Contraindications: Safety First

We at Save the Bees We love the gifts of the hive, but we believe that awareness is the first step to true well-being. While raw propolis is an extraordinary natural remedy, its potency requires some careful attention, especially if you're trying it for the first time.

Being a complex substance rich in resins and pollen, it is essential to listen to your body. Just as we recommend caution when consuming honey during pregnancy, even for propolis it is good to follow some guidelines.

When to pay attention?

To help you decide whether pure propolis is right for you right now, we've summarized the main precautions in this table: